AVIAN INFLUENZA

There is one article from the official Public Health Service research and development that might be helpful to know how the avian influenza that had horrendous few years ago.

VIRUS INFLUENZA
Bird flu or avian influenza (Bird Flu, Avian influenza) is a
infectious disease caused by type A influenza virus and is transmitted by
poultry. Disease caused by avian influenza virus H5N1 strain of avian infuenza
as confirmed in poultry have occurred in the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Japan,
Thailand, Cambodia, Taiwan, Laos, China, Indonesia and Pakistan. Source of virus
thought to have come from migratory birds and the transportation of infected poultry.
In Indonesia in January 2004 reported cases of death
poultry unusual (especially in Bali, Botabek, East Java, Central Java,
West Kalimantan and West Java). Initially the death was caused by
because the virus is new castle, but the final confirmation by the Ministry of Agriculture
caused by the avian influenza virus (Avian influenza (AI)). The number of dead birds
due to avian influenza outbreaks in 10 provinces in Indonesia is very big that is
3,842,275 heads (4.77%) and the highest numbers of deaths are provinces
West Java (1,541,427 head). In July 2005, avian influenza has been
claimed the lives of three people Tangerang Banten, It is based on
results of laboratory examination of Research and Development Department of Health
Jakarta and the WHO reference laboratory in Hong Kong ..


Given this reality the community should be aware of the presence of disease
avian influenza , but no need to panic arises.
1. Cause
Cause of influenza virus was type A influenza virus. Influenza viruses, including
Orthomyxoviridae family. Type A influenza viruses can change shape (Drift,
Shift), and can cause epidemics and pandemics. Influenza type A viruses consists
of the hemagglutinin (H) and Neuramidase (N), two letters are used as
identification code of avian influenza subtypes of many kinds. In humans hanyaterdapat type H1N1, H2N2, H3N3, H5N1, H9N2, H1N2, H7N7. While in
animals H1-H5 and N1-N9.
Highly virulent strains / malignant and causes avian influenza is of
A subtype H5N1. The virus can survive in water up to 4 days at a temperature
220 C and more than 30 days at 00 C. The virus will die on heating 600 C
for 30 minutes or 560 C for 3 hours and with detergent, disinfectant
such as formaldehyde, as well as liquids containing iodine.
2. Symptom
Symptoms of avian influenza can be distinguished in poultry and humans.
a. Symptoms in birds.
- Combs blue
- Foot ulcers
- Sudden death
b. Symptoms in humans.
- Fever (body temperature above 38o C)
- Cough and sore throat
- Inflammation of upper respiratory tract
- Pneumonia
- Eye infections
- Muscle pain
3. Incubation period
- In Poultry: 1 week
- Human: 1-3 days, the infection period of 1 day before until 3-5 days
after symptoms develop. In children up to 21 days.
4. Transmission
Infectious avian influenza from poultry to poultry and from poultry to humans,
The disease can be transmitted through contaminated air H5N1 viruses originating
from dirt or secretary bird / poultry suffering from avian flu. Transmission of
birds to humans can also occur if humans have been breathing the air has containing avian influenza virus or direct contact with infected poultry
avian influenza .
Until now there is no evidence that avian influenza virus
can be transmitted from human to human and transmitted through food.
5. Prevention
a. In Poultry:
1. Culling of poultry / birds infected with avian influenza
2. Vaccination in poultry is healthy
b. In Humans:
1. High-risk group (farm workers and traders)
a. Washing your hands with disinfectant and shower after work.
b. Avoid direct contact with chickens or poultry flu terinsfeksi
birds.
c. Using personal protective equipment. (Example: mask and work clothes).
d. Leave work clothes at work.
e. Clean bird droppings every day.
f. Immunization.
2. Public
a. Keep the immune system by eating nutritious food & rest
enough.
b. Processing poultry in the right way, namely:
- Choose healthy birds (there are no symptoms of disease in
body)
- Cook the chicken until the temperature of ± 800C for 1 minute
and the eggs up to temperature of ± 640C for 4.5 minutes.
6. Treatment
Treatment for people with bird flu are:
1. Oxygenation if there is shortness napas.2. Hydration with parenteral fluid administration (intravenous).
3. Anti-viral drug oseltamivir 75 mg single dose for 7 days.
4. Amantadin given early in infection, as far as possible within 48
first hour for 3-5 days with a dose of 5 mg / kg per day divided into 2
dose. When your weight is more than 45 kg administered 100 mg 2 times a day.
7. Department of Health Actions
In order to overcome the impact caused by avian influenza , the Department
Health is taking some action, include the following:
a. Conduct investigations on employees, vendors and handlers in chicken products
some areas outbreaks of avian influenza in chickens in Indonesia (to determine
avian influenza infection in humans)
b. Strict monitoring of people who had contact
with suspected avian influenza . up passes twice
incubation period is 14 days.
c. Setting up 44 hospitals across Indonesia to set up the room
observations of patients suspected of having Avian Influenza.
d. Enacting preparedness in areas at risk of
province of West Java, Jakarta and Banten as well as forming POSKO in DG
PP & PL with a phone number / fax: (021) 425 7125
e. instructed the governor of the provincial government to improve
vigilance and preparedness against possible flu outbreak
birds in each territory
f. Improve public health outreach efforts and build
networking with various stakeholders to educate the public to
the public remain vigilant and not panic
g. Improve coordination and cooperation with the departments of agriculture and
local governments in efforts to control avian influenza
h. collect information that includes the environmental aspects and risk factors
to look for possible sources of transmission by the investigative team
consisting of Depkes, Deptan and the WHO.

Source : www.litbang.depkes.go.id/maskes/072005/flu_burung.pdf

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